I caratteri più utilizzati su .htaccess
I caratteri più utilizzati su .htaccess
L’indice dei caratteri utilizzati con .htaccess, una breve guida di riferimento
Questo non è un elenco esaustivo di caratteri, ma piuttosto una sorta di cheat sheet delle espressioni regolari, dei flag e dei codici di stato più comunemente utilizzati.
Per avere una guida completa ed esaustiva su .htaccess rimandiamo al sito htaccessbook.com.
| Character/Flag | Definition |
|---|---|
| # | Instructs the server to ignore the line. Used for including comments. |
| [F] | Forbidden: instructs the server to return a 403 Forbidden to the client. |
| [L] | Last rule: instructs the server to stop rewriting after the preceding directive is processed. |
| [N] | Next: instructs Apache to rerun the rewrite rule until all rewriting is complete. |
| [G] | Gone: instructs the server to deliver Gone (no longer exists) status message. |
| [P] | Proxy: instructs server to handle requests by mod_proxy. |
| [C] | Chain: instructs server to chain the current rule with the previous rule. |
| [R] | Redirect: instructs Apache to redirect to the specified URL. Note that the default status-code for the [R] flag is 302 (temporary redirect); for permanent redirects use [R=301]. |
| [NC] | No Case: defines any associated argument as case-insensitive. |
| [PT] | Pass Through: instructs mod_rewrite to pass the rewritten URL for further processing. |
| [OR] | Or: specifies a logical “or” that ties two expressions together such that either one proving true will cause the associated rule to be applied. |
| [NE] | No Escape: instructs the server to parse output without escaping characters. |
| [NS] | No Subrequest: instructs the server to skip the directive if internal sub-request. |
| [QSA] | Append Query String: directs server to add the query string to the end of the expression. |
| [S=x] | Skip: instructs the server to skip the next “x” number of rules if a match is detected. |
| [E=var:value] | Environmental Variable: instructs the server to set the variable “var” to “value”. |
| [T=MIME-type] | Mime Type: declares the mime type of the target resource. |
| [xyz] | Character class: any character within square brackets will be a match. For example, “[xyz]” will match any of the characters x, y, or z. |
| [xyz]+ | Character class in which any combination of items within the brackets will be a match. For example, “[xyz]+” will match any number of x’s, y’s, z’s, or any combination thereof. |
| [^xyz] | Not within a character class. For example, [^xyz] will match any character that isn’t x, y, or z. |
| [a-z] | A dash “-” between two characters within a character class denotes the range of characters between them. For example, [a-zA-Z] matches all lowercase and uppercase letters. |
| a{n} | Exact number, n, of the preceding character, a. For example, x{3} matches exactly three x’s. |
| a{n,} | Specifies n or more of the preceding character. For example, x{3,} matches three or more x’s. |
| a{n,m} | Specifies a range of numbers, between n and m, of the preceding character, a. For example, x{3,7} matches three, four, five, six, or seven x’s. |
| () | Used to group characters together, thereby considering them as a single unit. For example, (htaccess)?book will match “book”, with or without the “htaccess” prefix. |
| ^ | Denotes the beginning of a regular expression. For example, “^Hello” will match any string that begins with “Hello”. Without the caret “^”, “Hello” would match anywhere in the string. |
| $ | Denotes the end of a regular expression. For example, “world$” will match any string that ends with “world”. Without the dollar sign “$”, “world” would match anywhere in the string. |
| ? | Declares as optional the preceding character. For example, “monzas?” will match “monza” or “monzas”. In other words, “x?” matches zero or one of “x”. |
| ! | Declares negation. For example, “!string” matches everything except “string”. |
| . | A literal dot (or period) indicates any single arbitrary character. |
| – | Instructs Apache to NOT rewrite the URL. Example syntax: “example.com – [F]” |
| + | Matches one or more of the preceding character. For example, “G+” matches one or more G’s, while “+” will match one or more characters of any kind. |
| * | Matches zero or more of the preceding character. For example, use “.*” as a wildcard. |
| | | Declares a logical “or” operator. For example, “(x|y)” matches “x” or “y”. |
| \ | Escape special characters such as: ^ $ ! . * | ( ) [ ] { } |
| \. | Indicates a literal dot (escaped). |
| /* | Zero or more slashes. |
| .* | Zero or more arbitrary characters. |
| ^$ | Defines an empty string. |
| ^.*$ | The standard pattern for matching everything. |
| [^/.] | Defines one character that is neither a slash nor a dot. |
| [^/.]+ | Defines any number of characters that contains neither slash nor dot. |
| http:// | This is a literal statement — in this case, the literal character string, “http://”. |
| ^example.* | Matches a string that begins with the term “example”, followed by any character(s). |
| ^example\.com$ | Defines the exact string, “example.com”. |
| -d | Tests if string is an existing directory. |
| -f | Tests if string is an existing file. |
| -s | Tests if file in test string has a non-zero value. |
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